Rome Travel Guide 2025: Top Attractions, Hidden Gems & Neighborhoods Explained

From the grandeur of the Colosseum to the mystique of the Vatican, and from the charming streets of Trastevere to the city’s iconic fountains, Rome is a destination where ancient ruins, Renaissance beauty, and modern life coexist in perfect harmony. In this guide, you’ll uncover the city’s most important historical and cultural highlights, must-visit neighborhoods, and hidden gems that many travelers overlook.

The historic center of Rome is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, home to opulent palaces, millennia-old churches and basilicas, awe-inspiring ruins, ornate monuments, intricate statues, and exquisite fountains. This unique blend of heritage and cosmopolitan energy makes Rome one of the most visited, iconic, and influential capitals in both Europe and the world.

Today, Rome is just as famous for its vibrant nightlife and high-end fashion boutiques, especially around the Spanish Steps. The city also hosts some of Italy’s oldest jewelry shops, adding a layer of timeless luxury to its allure. With its endless sights and experiences, Rome more than earns its reputation as a true global city.

Neighborhoods in Rome

Rome can be divided into several key districts.

1. Historic Center (Centro Storico) – This area covers about 4% of the city’s total surface and lies mostly within the Aurelian Walls. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to many of Rome’s most iconic landmarks.

2. Modern Center – This district features many hotels, shops, and restaurants, especially along Via Veneto. It also includes the Trevi Fountain and the neighborhoods of Barberini, Castro Pretorio, and Repubblica.

3. Old Rome – The medieval and Renaissance heart of the city, full of charming piazzas, cathedrals, the Pantheon, and plenty of trattorias. It includes the Navona neighborhood, Campo de’ Fiori, and the Jewish Ghetto.

4. Vatican – The papal city-state and its countless treasures of landmarks, relics, and museums, along with the surrounding Italian neighborhoods.

5. Colosseo – The heart of ancient Rome, including the Colosseum, Roman Forum, Forum of Augustus, Trajan’s Forum and Markets, Capitoline Hill, and the Capitoline Museums.

6. Northern Center – Includes Villa Borghese, the Spanish Steps, and the upscale residential districts of Parioli and Salario.

7. Trastevere – Rome’s bohemian quarter on the west bank of the Tiber River, known for its narrow cobblestone streets and charming little squares.

8. Aventino–Testaccio – An off-the-beaten-path neighborhood full of surprises for curious travelers. It’s also known for its excellent local food scene.

9. Esquilino–San Giovanni – Located just south of Termini Station, this area is famous for its indoor market and Piazza Vittorio Emanuele.

10. Nomentano – A mostly residential district in Rome’s northeast, known for its elegant architecture and green spaces, including the lovely Villa Torlonia Park.

Rome’s Outskirts

The outskirts, or outer districts of Rome, include:

1. North – Large suburban neighborhoods north of the city center (Municipi III, XI–XV).
2. South – Home to the Appian Way Park, ancient catacombs, and expansive suburbs (Municipi IV–IX).
3. Ostia – The impressive ruins of Ancient Rome’s historic seaport (Municipio X).

Interesting Facts About Rome

Located on the Tiber River, between the Apennine Mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea, Rome was once the administrative center of the Roman Empire, which stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia. Today, it is the seat of the Italian government and home to many national ministries. The city itself has a population of about 2.7 million, while the greater metropolitan area is home to around 4.5 million people.

Architecturally and culturally, Rome is a city of contrasts—grand palaces and basilicas stand alongside narrow streets and centuries-old homes. The city center is largely ancient, while modern buildings are more common in the outer neighborhoods—unlike Milan, where old and new architecture are more intertwined throughout the city.

All around Rome, you’ll notice the abbreviation “S.P.Q.R” — an ancient Roman motto that stands for *Senatus Populusque Romanus*, or “The Senate and People of Rome.”

In August, many locals close their shops and take vacations to escape the heat, which often reaches 86–90°F (30–32°C) or higher. If you’re visiting during this time, you’ll see many signs that say *“Chiuso per ferie”* (Closed for holidays). That said, the city remains beautiful and far less crowded — and you’ll still find plenty of places to eat and explore.

The History of Rome

Rome is more than 2,500 years old, having evolved from a small Latin village into the capital of a vast empire, the birthplace of Catholicism, and modern Italy’s capital. According to legend, Rome was founded by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who were abandoned as infants on the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf.

In the 8th century BCE, Rome began as a small settlement around Palatine Hill, eventually becoming the capital of the Roman Kingdom ruled by Etruscan kings. Around 500 BCE, it became the seat of the Roman Republic, and in 27 BCE, it became the heart of the Roman Empire. For nearly a thousand years, Rome was the largest, richest, and most powerful city in the Western world.

Under Emperor Constantine I, Rome gained religious significance and became the center of the Catholic Church. During the Middle Ages, it was a major site of Christian pilgrimage and conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy. In the 15th century, during the Renaissance, the Papacy commissioned extravagant churches and public spaces, including the new St. Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel.

In the 19th century, Rome became the center of the movement for Italian unification. After the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, Rome officially became the capital of unified Italy. Today, it stands as a modern metropolis that proudly preserves the memory of every era in its long and storied past.

Climate in Rome

Rome has a Mediterranean climate, with hot summers and mild winters. Winter months bring pleasant daytime temperatures and occasional rain, while summers are hot and dry. Spring and fall offer warm, comfortable weather — perfect for sightseeing.

Top Attractions in Rome

Rome is home to an overwhelming number of attractions. Seeing the major sights alone takes more than a day, and to fully experience everything the city has to offer, you’ll want to return again and again.

1. The Colosseum

The Colosseum, or Flavian Amphitheater, stands as a symbol of Roman grandeur. One of the most iconic landmarks in the world, it draws around 6 million visitors each year. It remains the largest amphitheater from antiquity, with a capacity of approximately 50,000 spectators.

This monumental structure was completed in just eight years — construction began in 72 AD and finished in 80 AD. For over 500 years, the Colosseum hosted gladiator battles, public executions, and animal shows. Despite earthquakes, looting, and even bombings, the Colosseum continues to stand as a powerful reminder of Rome’s imperial past.

More to Explore:

Interesting Facts About the Colosseum:

During the Middle Ages, locals used the Colosseum’s stone to build churches, homes, and roads.
Originally called the “Flavian Amphitheater,” the name “Colosseum” came into use during the medieval period due to its colossal size.
The grand opening of the Colosseum was celebrated with 100 days of games, during which an estimated 2,000 gladiators lost their lives.
The structure was originally lined with rich marble cladding.
To shield spectators from the sun, a massive canopy (velarium) was stretched across the top.
Animal cages and gladiator quarters were located beneath the arena floor.

2. The Roman Forum

The Roman Forum is one of the oldest archaeological sites in Rome and was once the political and religious heart of the city. Located between the Colosseum and Piazza Venezia, the forum fell into ruin and was plundered after the fall of the Empire. Excavations didn’t begin until the early 20th century.

Highlights in the Roman Forum:

Via Sacra: The main street of ancient Rome, connecting the Capitoline Hill to the Colosseum.
Arch of Titus: A triumphal arch commemorating the Roman victory over the Jews, built after Emperor Titus’s death.
Arch of Septimius Severus: Erected in 203 AD to mark the third anniversary of Emperor Septimius Severus’s reign.
Temple of Antoninus and Faustina: Built in the 2nd century, it’s the best-preserved temple in the Roman Forum.
Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: One of the most important structures in the forum.
The Curia: The Roman Senate house, commissioned by Julius Caesar.
Column of Phocas: A 13-meter-high column erected in 608 AD in honor of the Byzantine Emperor Phocas.

3. Trevi Fountain

The Trevi Fountain is the largest and most beautiful fountain in Rome. Built at the terminal point of an ancient aqueduct, the fountain as we know it today was completed in 1762 after years of work by Nicola Salvi and later finished by Giuseppe Pannini.

4. The Pantheon

The Pantheon is one of the largest domed structures in the world and among the best-preserved buildings from antiquity. Originally built between 25–27 AD by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the son-in-law of Emperor Augustus, the Pantheon was later rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian around 126 AD after a series of fires.

In 609 AD, the Pantheon was consecrated as a Christian church, which helped preserve the structure in its near-original form. It features a massive rotunda made of concrete and brick with a colossal 43-meter-high dome.

5. Palatine Hill

Palatine Hill, located next to the Roman Forum, is the oldest part of Rome. During the Republican period, Roman aristocrats settled here and built lavish palaces. Some of the most notable ruins on the hill include:

Domus Flavia: A grand palace commissioned by Emperor Domitian in 81 AD.
Domus Livia: A modest 1st-century BC home, one of the best-preserved on the hill.
House of Augustus: The personal residence of Octavian Augustus, still showcasing original frescoes.
Farnese Gardens: Created in the 16th century atop the ruins of Tiberius’s palace.
Stadium of Domitian: Possibly a garden or a private arena.
Palatine Museum: Displays artifacts uncovered during excavations on the hill.
Arch of Constantine: The best-preserved triumphal arch in Rome, dedicated to Constantine’s victory over Maxentius.

6. Piazza Navona

Piazza Navona is one of the most famous squares in Rome. Built in the late 15th century, it retains the shape of the ancient Stadium of Domitian from 86 AD. The buildings surrounding the square were constructed atop the foundations of the old spectator stands. Notable attractions include:

Fountain of the Four Rivers: Designed by Bernini, it represents the Danube, Nile, Ganges, and Río de la Plata.
Moor Fountain: Features a statue of a Moor, also sculpted by Bernini.
Neptune Fountain: Located at the northern end of the square, with a 19th-century sculptural ensemble.

7. Church of Sant’Agnese in Agone (St. Agnes)

Directly across from the Fountain of the Four Rivers stands Sant’Agnese in Agone, a stunning 17th-century Baroque church. Originally designed by Girolamo Rainaldi, it was later enhanced by Francesco Borromini, who added the church’s iconic twin bell towers. Dedicated to St. Agnes, an early Christian martyr, the church features a lavish and ornate interior. Visitors are often captivated by its architectural detail and historical depth.

8. Piazza di Spagna (Spanish Square)

Piazza di Spagna (Spanish Steps) is one of the most charming squares in Rome. Its main attraction is the grand Spanish Steps, built in the 18th century, which lead up to the Pincian Hill and the Trinità dei Monti Church. At the base of the stairs lies the beautiful Barcaccia Fountain, adding to the square’s appeal. Popular with both locals and tourists, this area offers scenic views and a glimpse into Rome’s rich cultural heritage.

9. The Altar of the Fatherland (Vittoriano)

The Altar of the Fatherland (Vittoriano) dominates Piazza Venezia. Built in the early 20th century, it honors Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy. This massive white marble monument stretches 135 meters long and rises 70 meters high, with grand Corinthian columns and sweeping staircases. At its center stands a bronze equestrian statue of the king. Inside, the Museum of the Risorgimento offers a deep dive into Italy’s unification history. A walk from the Vittoriano along Via del Teatro di Marcello leads to the Cordonata staircase, designed by Michelangelo in the 16th century. It ends atop Capitoline Hill, home to the famous statue of the Capitoline Wolf — depicting the she-wolf nursing Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome.

10. Castel Sant’Angelo

Castel Sant’Angelo is a towering fortress on the right bank of the Tiber, located in Hadrian’s Park. Originally commissioned by Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family, it was completed in the 2nd century AD. Later, it served as a papal fortress and prison. Today, it’s a museum and one of the most visited attractions in Rome. The castle is connected to the Vatican by the Passetto di Borgo — an 800-meter fortified corridor built in 1277 for papal protection. The approach to the castle is marked by the elegant Bridge of Angels, adorned with statues of Saints Peter and Paul and ten angels.

11. Vatican City

Vatican City is a sovereign state within Rome and the spiritual center of the Catholic Church. Art lovers should not miss the Vatican Museums, which house an extensive collection of masterpieces — from paintings to sculptures by some of history’s most renowned artists. These museums are immensely popular and often have long lines, so booking a guided tour is the best way to experience them.

One of the top highlights is the St. Peter’s Basilica — the largest Christian church in the world and the heart of Catholicism. Designed by architectural giants like Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Bernini, this breathtaking basilica can hold up to 60,000 people.

Inside, visitors are treated to harmonious proportions, detailed sculptures, magnificent altars, and tombs of celebrated artists. Entrance is completely free and accessible from St. Peter’s Square.

12. Villa Borghese

Villa Borghese is the largest park in Rome and one of the biggest urban parks in Europe. Acquired by the Italian state in 1901, it was soon converted into a public park.

Villa Borghese is a harmonious blend of nature and art, featuring architectural gems, sculptures, monuments, and fountains created by renowned artists from various periods.

Among the park’s highlights are the Borghese Gallery, showcasing masterpieces by Raphael, Titian, and Caravaggio; a zoo with over 1,000 animals; and the 19th-century Pincian Water Clock.

13. Trastevere

Trastevere is one of the most charming areas to stroll through in Rome — offering a truly authentic Italian atmosphere. It’s also one of the best neighborhoods for lunch or dinner in the city.

Wandering through Trastevere’s narrow cobblestone streets reveals hidden treasures like modest medieval churches, quirky artisan shops, and everyday scenes of Roman life.

Although it’s only about 15 minutes from Rome’s historic center, Trastevere feels like a small town. By evening, its many restaurants fill with locals and visitors, bringing the neighborhood to life late into the night.

At its heart is Piazza Santa Maria, home to an ancient basilica and a beautiful fountain.

14. The Catacombs of Rome

The Catacombs of Rome are an extensive underground burial network used by early Christians and Jews between the 2nd and 5th centuries. Created by Christians who rejected the pagan tradition of cremation, the catacombs offered an affordable solution to the high cost of land in Rome.

These labyrinthine tunnels stretch for several kilometers, lined with rectangular burial niches. Rome is home to over 60 catacombs, containing hundreds of kilometers of corridors and thousands of tombs. Currently, only five catacombs are open to the public:

Catacombs of San Sebastiano (Via Appia Antica, 136): Spanning 12 kilometers, these catacombs are dedicated to Saint Sebastian. Open Monday to Saturday from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM.
Catacombs of San Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126): Featuring over 20 kilometers of corridors, they house the tombs of 16 popes and many Christian martyrs. Open Thursday to Tuesday from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM.
Catacombs of Priscilla (Via Salaria, 430): Famous for early Christian frescoes and depictions of the Virgin Mary. Open daily from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM.
Catacombs of Domitilla (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280): Discovered in 1593, these catacombs span over 15 kilometers and are named after Emperor Vespasian’s granddaughter. Open daily from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM.

15. Trajan’s Market

Trajan’s Market, located across from the Forum, was built between 100 and 110 AD. It is considered the first covered “shopping mall” in Europe. Constructed with red bricks and concrete, the complex spans six levels, each containing shops and administrative offices that offer a unique glimpse into commercial life in ancient Rome.

16. Baths of Caracalla

The Baths of Caracalla, located near the Appian Way, are among the largest and most impressive thermal baths built during the Roman Empire.

Visiting the baths was a beloved pastime for Romans, who didn’t just come here for hygiene but also to socialize and relax.

This vast complex offered more than just bathing — citizens could exercise, visit the library, stroll through lush gardens, or worship in small temples.

Lavishly decorated with marble and priceless artworks, the Baths of Caracalla were the most luxurious public baths of their time.

17. Piazza del Popolo

Piazza del Popolo is a large oval-shaped square in northern Rome that dates back to Roman times. Historically, it marked the starting point of a major road heading north out of the city.

The square is flanked by three churches, but its centerpiece is a striking obelisk brought from ancient Egypt. On the northern end stands the Porta del Popolo, which leads to Via Flaminia — the ancient Roman road connecting the city with the Adriatic coast.

18. Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is a small medieval church that houses several Christian relics — including the skull of Saint Valentine.

19. The Mouth of Truth

The Mouth of Truth is a large marble mask that, according to legend, bites the hand of anyone who tells a lie. It’s located in the portico of the Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.

20. Circus Maximus

Circus Maximus was the largest stadium in ancient Rome, situated between the Palatine and Aventine Hills. Built for chariot races, it could accommodate up to 300,000 spectators. Today, only ruins remain, which can be underwhelming for visitors expecting more visible remnants. What exists now is a vast, open terrace that follows the original shape of the stadium.

21. Janiculum Hill (Gianicolo)

Janiculum Hill is a peaceful retreat from the bustle of the city and one of the best places for a scenic walk in Rome. Often referred to as the “eighth hill of Rome,” it offers breathtaking panoramic views and a calm, relaxing atmosphere.

22. Fontana dell’Acqua Paola

The Fontana dell’Acqua Paola is a grand marble fountain built in the 17th century to commemorate the restoration of an ancient Roman aqueduct. This impressive structure stands as a testament to Rome’s rich history and engineering brilliance.

We hope this quick overview of Rome has been both helpful and inspiring. To discover even more about the Italian capital, feel free to click any of the links to the right if you’re on a desktop — or simply scroll down if you’re browsing on your phone.